Breakthrough in Type 1 Diabetes: Screening and Prevention

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system attacks the insulin producing cells in the pancreas. Type 1 diabetes is caused by a combination of factors including a genetic predisposition paired with an environmental trigger, such as a typical virus, that leads to the attack. Research has shown that type 1 diabetes develops in stages. We can detect the earliest stage by measuring the antibodies that cause it. They can be present as early as 1 or 2 years of age. The more antibodies you have, the higher the risk of progression. However, the presence of even two antibodies constitutes the diagnosis of pre-symptomatic T1D and the lifetime risk of developing T1D is 100%.

The key is early identification of those at risk. Pediatricians can help by screening all patients with a first-degree relative with T1D, or those with other autoimmune diseases. The way to screen is to order Islet AutoAntibody Screen through Cincinnati Children’s. This tests for four antibodies associated with T1D (GAD, IAA, IA2, and ZnT8). Use the diagnosis code for first degree relative with type 1 diabetes (Z83.3).

Screening and early detection minimizes the risk of DKA, provides knowledge, awareness, and opportunities to delay the progression. If a patient tests positive for antibodies, we recommend referring to the Type 1 Diabetes Prevention Clinic.

To learn more about screening and prevention listen to Pediatric Consult: Type 1 Diabetes and Teplizumab Therapy.